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The Degenerate Art Exhibition ((ドイツ語:Die Ausstellung "Entartete Kunst")) was an art exhibition organized by Adolf Ziegler and the Nazi Party in Munich from 19 July to 30 November 1937. The exhibition presented 650 works of art, confiscated from German museums, and was staged in counterpoint to the concurrent Great German Art Exhibition. The day before the exhibition started, Hitler delivered a speech declaring "merciless war" on cultural disintegration, attacking "chatterboxes, dilettantes and art swindlers".〔 Degenerate art was defined as works that "insult German feeling, or destroy or confuse natural form or simply reveal an absence of adequate manual and artistic skill".〔 One million people attended the exhibition in its first six weeks.〔 A U.S. critic commented "there are probably plenty of people—art lovers—in Boston, who will side with Hitler in this particular purge".〔 ==Background== Hitler's rise to power on 31 January 1933 was quickly followed by actions intended to cleanse the culture of degeneracy: book burnings were organized, artists and musicians were dismissed from teaching positions, and museum curators were replaced by Party members.〔Adam 1992, p.52〕 In September 1933 the ''Reichskulturkammer'' (Reich Culture Chamber) was established, administered by Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's ''Reichminister für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda'' (Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda). The arbiter of what was unacceptably "modern" was Hitler. Although Goebbels and some others admired the Expressionist works of artists such as Emil Nolde, Ernst Barlach, and Erich Heckel, a faction led by Alfred Rosenberg despised the Expressionists, and the result was a bitter ideological dispute which was settled only in September 1934, when Hitler—who denounced modern art and its practitioners as "incompetents, cheats and madmen"—〔〔 declared that there would be no place for modernist experimentation in the Reich.〔Grosshans 1983, p. 73-74〕 In the first half of 1937, preparations were underway for the ''Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung'' ("Great German Art Exhibition"), which was to showcase art approved by the Nazis. An open invitation to German artists resulted in 15,000 works being submitted to the exhibition jury, which included allies of Goebbels.〔 When the works they selected for the exhibition were shown to Hitler for his approval, he became enraged. Hitler dismissed the jury and appointed his personal photographer Heinrich Hoffmann to make a new selection.〔 In a diary entry of 4 June 1937, Goebbels conceived the idea of a separate exhibition of works from the Weimar era, which he called "the era of decay. So the people can see and understand."〔Kimmelman, Michael (19 June 2014). "The Art Hitler Hated". ''The New York Review of Books'' 61 (11): 25–26.〕 The art historian Olaf Peters says Goebbels' motivation in proposing the exhibition was partly to obscure the weakness of the works in the Great German Art Exhibition, and partly to regain Hitler's trust after the dictator's replacement of Goebbel's jurors with Hoffmann, who Goebbels feared as a rival.〔 On 30 June, Hitler signed an order authorizing the Degenerate Art Exhibition.〔 Goebbels put Adolf Ziegler, the head of the Reichskammer der Bildenden Künste (Reich Chamber of Visual Art), in charge of a five-man commission that toured state collections in numerous cities, in two weeks seizing 5,238 works they deemed degenerate (showing qualities such as "decadence", "weakness of character","mental disease", and "racial impurity").〔 This collection would be boosted by subsequent raids on museums, for future exhibitions.〔 The commission focused on works by artists mentioned in avant-garde publications, and was aided by some vehement opponents of modern art, such as Wolfgang Willrich.〔 The exhibition was prepared in haste, to be presented concurrently with the Great German Art Exhibition scheduled to open on 18 July 1937.〔 Imitating Hitler, Ziegler delivered a mordant critique of modern art at the opening of the Degenerate Art Exhibition on 19 July 1937.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Degenerate Art Exhibition」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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